src/simulator-arm.cc

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// Copyright 2008 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
//       with the distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#include <stdlib.h>

#include "v8.h"

#include "disasm.h"
#include "constants-arm.h"
#include "simulator-arm.h"

#if !defined(__arm__)

// Only build the simulator if not compiling for real ARM hardware.
namespace assembler { namespace arm {

using ::v8::internal::Object;
using ::v8::internal::PrintF;
using ::v8::internal::OS;
using ::v8::internal::ReadLine;
using ::v8::internal::DeleteArray;

// This macro provides a platform independent use of sscanf. The reason for
// SScanF not beeing implemented in a platform independent was through
// ::v8::internal::OS in the same way as SNPrintF is that the Windows C Run-Time
// Library does not provide vsscanf.
#ifdef WIN32
#define SScanF sscanf_s
#else
#define SScanF sscanf  // NOLINT
#endif

// The Debugger class is used by the simulator while debugging simulated ARM
// code.
class Debugger {
 public:
  explicit Debugger(Simulator* sim);
  ~Debugger();

  void Stop(Instr* instr);
  void Debug();

 private:
  static const instr_t kBreakpointInstr =
      ((AL << 28) | (7 << 25) | (1 << 24) | break_point);
  static const instr_t kNopInstr =
      ((AL << 28) | (13 << 21));

  Simulator* sim_;

  bool GetValue(char* desc, int32_t* value);

  // Set or delete a breakpoint. Returns true if successful.
  bool SetBreakpoint(Instr* breakpc);
  bool DeleteBreakpoint(Instr* breakpc);

  // Undo and redo all breakpoints. This is needed to bracket disassembly and
  // execution to skip past breakpoints when run from the debugger.
  void UndoBreakpoints();
  void RedoBreakpoints();
};


Debugger::Debugger(Simulator* sim) {
  sim_ = sim;
}


Debugger::~Debugger() {
}


void Debugger::Stop(Instr* instr) {
  const char* str = (const char*)(instr->InstructionBits() & 0x0fffffff);
  PrintF("Simulator hit %s\n", str);
  sim_->set_pc(sim_->get_pc() + Instr::kInstrSize);
  Debug();
}


static const char* reg_names[] = {  "r0",  "r1",  "r2",  "r3",
                                    "r4",  "r5",  "r6",  "r7",
                                    "r8",  "r9", "r10", "r11",
                                   "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
                                    "pc",  "lr",  "sp",  "ip",
                                    "fp",  "sl", ""};

static int   reg_nums[]  = {           0,     1,     2,     3,
                                       4,     5,     6,     7,
                                       8,     9,    10,    11,
                                      12,    13,    14,    15,
                                      15,    14,    13,    12,
                                      11,    10};


static int RegNameToRegNum(char* name) {
  int reg = 0;
  while (*reg_names[reg] != 0) {
    if (strcmp(reg_names[reg], name) == 0) {
      return reg_nums[reg];
    }
    reg++;
  }
  return -1;
}


bool Debugger::GetValue(char* desc, int32_t* value) {
  int regnum = RegNameToRegNum(desc);
  if (regnum >= 0) {
    if (regnum == 15) {
      *value = sim_->get_pc();
    } else {
      *value = sim_->get_register(regnum);
    }
    return true;
  } else {
    return SScanF(desc, "%i", value) == 1;
  }
  return false;
}


bool Debugger::SetBreakpoint(Instr* breakpc) {
  // Check if a breakpoint can be set. If not return without any side-effects.
  if (sim_->break_pc_ != NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  // Set the breakpoint.
  sim_->break_pc_ = breakpc;
  sim_->break_instr_ = breakpc->InstructionBits();
  // Not setting the breakpoint instruction in the code itself. It will be set
  // when the debugger shell continues.
  return true;
}


bool Debugger::DeleteBreakpoint(Instr* breakpc) {
  if (sim_->break_pc_ != NULL) {
    sim_->break_pc_->SetInstructionBits(sim_->break_instr_);
  }

  sim_->break_pc_ = NULL;
  sim_->break_instr_ = 0;
  return true;
}


void Debugger::UndoBreakpoints() {
  if (sim_->break_pc_ != NULL) {
    sim_->break_pc_->SetInstructionBits(sim_->break_instr_);
  }
}


void Debugger::RedoBreakpoints() {
  if (sim_->break_pc_ != NULL) {
    sim_->break_pc_->SetInstructionBits(kBreakpointInstr);
  }
}


void Debugger::Debug() {
  intptr_t last_pc = -1;
  bool done = false;

#define COMMAND_SIZE 63
#define ARG_SIZE 255

#define STR(a) #a
#define XSTR(a) STR(a)

  char cmd[COMMAND_SIZE + 1];
  char arg1[ARG_SIZE + 1];
  char arg2[ARG_SIZE + 1];

  // make sure to have a proper terminating character if reaching the limit
  cmd[COMMAND_SIZE] = 0;
  arg1[ARG_SIZE] = 0;
  arg2[ARG_SIZE] = 0;

  // Undo all set breakpoints while running in the debugger shell. This will
  // make them invisible to all commands.
  UndoBreakpoints();

  while (!done) {
    if (last_pc != sim_->get_pc()) {
      disasm::Disassembler dasm;
      // use a reasonably large buffer
      v8::internal::EmbeddedVector<char, 256> buffer;
      dasm.InstructionDecode(buffer,
                             reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sim_->get_pc()));
      PrintF("  0x%x  %s\n", sim_->get_pc(), buffer.start());
      last_pc = sim_->get_pc();
    }
    char* line = ReadLine("sim> ");
    if (line == NULL) {
      break;
    } else {
      // Use sscanf to parse the individual parts of the command line. At the
      // moment no command expects more than two parameters.
      int args = SScanF(line,
                        "%" XSTR(COMMAND_SIZE) "s "
                        "%" XSTR(ARG_SIZE) "s "
                        "%" XSTR(ARG_SIZE) "s",
                        cmd, arg1, arg2);
      if ((strcmp(cmd, "si") == 0) || (strcmp(cmd, "stepi") == 0)) {
        sim_->InstructionDecode(reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(sim_->get_pc()));
      } else if ((strcmp(cmd, "c") == 0) || (strcmp(cmd, "cont") == 0)) {
        // Execute the one instruction we broke at with breakpoints disabled.
        sim_->InstructionDecode(reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(sim_->get_pc()));
        // Leave the debugger shell.
        done = true;
      } else if ((strcmp(cmd, "p") == 0) || (strcmp(cmd, "print") == 0)) {
        if (args == 2) {
          int32_t value;
          if (GetValue(arg1, &value)) {
            PrintF("%s: %d 0x%x\n", arg1, value, value);
          } else {
            PrintF("%s unrecognized\n", arg1);
          }
        } else {
          PrintF("print value\n");
        }
      } else if ((strcmp(cmd, "po") == 0)
                 || (strcmp(cmd, "printobject") == 0)) {
        if (args == 2) {
          int32_t value;
          if (GetValue(arg1, &value)) {
            Object* obj = reinterpret_cast<Object*>(value);
            USE(obj);
            PrintF("%s: \n", arg1);
#if defined(DEBUG)
            obj->PrintLn();
#endif  // defined(DEBUG)
          } else {
            PrintF("%s unrecognized\n", arg1);
          }
        } else {
          PrintF("printobject value\n");
        }
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "disasm") == 0) {
        disasm::Disassembler dasm;
        // use a reasonably large buffer
        v8::internal::EmbeddedVector<char, 256> buffer;

        byte* cur = NULL;
        byte* end = NULL;

        if (args == 1) {
          cur = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(sim_->get_pc());
          end = cur + (10 * Instr::kInstrSize);
        } else if (args == 2) {
          int32_t value;
          if (GetValue(arg1, &value)) {
            cur = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(value);
            // no length parameter passed, assume 10 instructions
            end = cur + (10 * Instr::kInstrSize);
          }
        } else {
          int32_t value1;
          int32_t value2;
          if (GetValue(arg1, &value1) && GetValue(arg2, &value2)) {
            cur = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(value1);
            end = cur + (value2 * Instr::kInstrSize);
          }
        }

        while (cur < end) {
          dasm.InstructionDecode(buffer, cur);
          PrintF("  0x%x  %s\n", cur, buffer.start());
          cur += Instr::kInstrSize;
        }
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "gdb") == 0) {
        PrintF("relinquishing control to gdb\n");
        v8::internal::OS::DebugBreak();
        PrintF("regaining control from gdb\n");
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "break") == 0) {
        if (args == 2) {
          int32_t value;
          if (GetValue(arg1, &value)) {
            if (!SetBreakpoint(reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(value))) {
              PrintF("setting breakpoint failed\n");
            }
          } else {
            PrintF("%s unrecognized\n", arg1);
          }
        } else {
          PrintF("break addr\n");
        }
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "del") == 0) {
        if (!DeleteBreakpoint(NULL)) {
          PrintF("deleting breakpoint failed\n");
        }
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "flags") == 0) {
        PrintF("N flag: %d; ", sim_->n_flag_);
        PrintF("Z flag: %d; ", sim_->z_flag_);
        PrintF("C flag: %d; ", sim_->c_flag_);
        PrintF("V flag: %d\n", sim_->v_flag_);
      } else if (strcmp(cmd, "unstop") == 0) {
        intptr_t stop_pc = sim_->get_pc() - Instr::kInstrSize;
        Instr* stop_instr = reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(stop_pc);
        if (stop_instr->ConditionField() == special_condition) {
          stop_instr->SetInstructionBits(kNopInstr);
        } else {
          PrintF("Not at debugger stop.");
        }
      } else {
        PrintF("Unknown command: %s\n", cmd);
      }
    }
    DeleteArray(line);
  }

  // Add all the breakpoints back to stop execution and enter the debugger
  // shell when hit.
  RedoBreakpoints();

#undef COMMAND_SIZE
#undef ARG_SIZE

#undef STR
#undef XSTR
}


Simulator::Simulator() {
  // Setup simulator support first. Some of this information is needed to
  // setup the architecture state.
  size_t stack_size = 1 * 1024*1024;  // allocate 1MB for stack
  stack_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(stack_size));
  pc_modified_ = false;
  icount_ = 0;
  break_pc_ = NULL;
  break_instr_ = 0;

  // Setup architecture state.
  // All registers are initialized to zero to start with.
  for (int i = 0; i < num_registers; i++) {
    registers_[i] = 0;
  }
  n_flag_ = false;
  z_flag_ = false;
  c_flag_ = false;
  v_flag_ = false;

  // The sp is initialized to point to the bottom (high address) of the
  // allocated stack area. To be safe in potential stack underflows we leave
  // some buffer below.
  registers_[sp] = reinterpret_cast<int32_t>(stack_) + stack_size - 64;
  // The lr and pc are initialized to a known bad value that will cause an
  // access violation if the simulator ever tries to execute it.
  registers_[pc] = bad_lr;
  registers_[lr] = bad_lr;
}


// This is the Simulator singleton. Currently only one thread is supported by
// V8. If we had multiple threads, then we should have a Simulator instance on
// a per thread basis.
static Simulator* the_sim = NULL;


// Get the active Simulator for the current thread. See comment above about
// using a singleton currently.
Simulator* Simulator::current() {
  if (the_sim == NULL) {
    the_sim = new Simulator();
  }
  return the_sim;
}


// Sets the register in the architecture state. It will also deal with updating
// Simulator internal state for special registers such as PC.
void Simulator::set_register(int reg, int32_t value) {
  ASSERT((reg >= 0) && (reg < num_registers));
  if (reg == pc) {
    pc_modified_ = true;
  }
  registers_[reg] = value;
}


// Get the register from the architecture state. This function does handle
// the special case of accessing the PC register.
int32_t Simulator::get_register(int reg) const {
  ASSERT((reg >= 0) && (reg < num_registers));
  return registers_[reg] + ((reg == pc) ? Instr::kPCReadOffset : 0);
}


// Raw access to the PC register.
void Simulator::set_pc(int32_t value) {
  pc_modified_ = true;
  registers_[pc] = value;
}


// Raw access to the PC register without the special adjustment when reading.
int32_t Simulator::get_pc() const {
  return registers_[pc];
}


// The ARM cannot do unaligned reads and writes.  On some ARM platforms an
// interrupt is caused.  On others it does a funky rotation thing.  For now we
// simply disallow unaligned reads, but at some point we may want to move to
// emulating the rotate behaviour.  Note that simulator runs have the runtime
// system running directly on the host system and only generated code is
// executed in the simulator.  Since the host is typically IA32 we will not
// get the correct ARM-like behaviour on unaligned accesses.

int Simulator::ReadW(int32_t addr, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 3) == 0) {
    intptr_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t*>(addr);
    return *ptr;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned read at %x\n", addr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
  return 0;
}


void Simulator::WriteW(int32_t addr, int value, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 3) == 0) {
    intptr_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t*>(addr);
    *ptr = value;
    return;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned write at %x, pc=%p\n", addr, instr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


uint16_t Simulator::ReadHU(int32_t addr, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 1) == 0) {
    uint16_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(addr);
    return *ptr;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned read at %x, pc=%p\n", addr, instr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
  return 0;
}


int16_t Simulator::ReadH(int32_t addr, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 1) == 0) {
    int16_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(addr);
    return *ptr;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned read at %x\n", addr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
  return 0;
}


void Simulator::WriteH(int32_t addr, uint16_t value, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 1) == 0) {
    uint16_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(addr);
    *ptr = value;
    return;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned write at %x, pc=%p\n", addr, instr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


void Simulator::WriteH(int32_t addr, int16_t value, Instr* instr) {
  if ((addr & 1) == 0) {
    int16_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(addr);
    *ptr = value;
    return;
  }
  PrintF("Unaligned write at %x, pc=%p\n", addr, instr);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


uint8_t Simulator::ReadBU(int32_t addr) {
  uint8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(addr);
  return *ptr;
}


int8_t Simulator::ReadB(int32_t addr) {
  int8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(addr);
  return *ptr;
}


void Simulator::WriteB(int32_t addr, uint8_t value) {
  uint8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(addr);
  *ptr = value;
}


void Simulator::WriteB(int32_t addr, int8_t value) {
  int8_t* ptr = reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(addr);
  *ptr = value;
}


// Returns the limit of the stack area to enable checking for stack overflows.
uintptr_t Simulator::StackLimit() const {
  // Leave a safety margin of 256 bytes to prevent overrunning the stack when
  // pushing values.
  return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(stack_) + 256;
}


// Unsupported instructions use Format to print an error and stop execution.
void Simulator::Format(Instr* instr, const char* format) {
  PrintF("Simulator found unsupported instruction:\n 0x%x: %s\n",
         instr, format);
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


// Checks if the current instruction should be executed based on its
// condition bits.
bool Simulator::ConditionallyExecute(Instr* instr) {
  switch (instr->ConditionField()) {
    case EQ: return z_flag_;
    case NE: return !z_flag_;
    case CS: return c_flag_;
    case CC: return !c_flag_;
    case MI: return n_flag_;
    case PL: return !n_flag_;
    case VS: return v_flag_;
    case VC: return !v_flag_;
    case HI: return c_flag_ && !z_flag_;
    case LS: return !c_flag_ || z_flag_;
    case GE: return n_flag_ == v_flag_;
    case LT: return n_flag_ != v_flag_;
    case GT: return !z_flag_ && (n_flag_ == v_flag_);
    case LE: return z_flag_ || (n_flag_ != v_flag_);
    case AL: return true;
    default: UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return false;
}


// Calculate and set the Negative and Zero flags.
void Simulator::SetNZFlags(int32_t val) {
  n_flag_ = (val < 0);
  z_flag_ = (val == 0);
}


// Set the Carry flag.
void Simulator::SetCFlag(bool val) {
  c_flag_ = val;
}


// Set the oVerflow flag.
void Simulator::SetVFlag(bool val) {
  v_flag_ = val;
}


// Calculate C flag value for additions.
bool Simulator::CarryFrom(int32_t left, int32_t right) {
  uint32_t uleft = static_cast<uint32_t>(left);
  uint32_t uright = static_cast<uint32_t>(right);
  uint32_t urest  = 0xffffffffU - uleft;

  return (uright > urest);
}


// Calculate C flag value for subtractions.
bool Simulator::BorrowFrom(int32_t left, int32_t right) {
  uint32_t uleft = static_cast<uint32_t>(left);
  uint32_t uright = static_cast<uint32_t>(right);

  return (uright > uleft);
}


// Calculate V flag value for additions and subtractions.
bool Simulator::OverflowFrom(int32_t alu_out,
                             int32_t left, int32_t right, bool addition) {
  bool overflow;
  if (addition) {
               // operands have the same sign
    overflow = ((left >= 0 && right >= 0) || (left < 0 && right < 0))
               // and operands and result have different sign
               && ((left < 0 && alu_out >= 0) || (left >= 0 && alu_out < 0));
  } else {
               // operands have different signs
    overflow = ((left < 0 && right >= 0) || (left >= 0 && right < 0))
               // and first operand and result have different signs
               && ((left < 0 && alu_out >= 0) || (left >= 0 && alu_out < 0));
  }
  return overflow;
}


// Addressing Mode 1 - Data-processing operands:
// Get the value based on the shifter_operand with register.
int32_t Simulator::GetShiftRm(Instr* instr, bool* carry_out) {
  Shift shift = instr->ShiftField();
  int shift_amount = instr->ShiftAmountField();
  int32_t result = get_register(instr->RmField());
  if (instr->Bit(4) == 0) {
    // by immediate
    if ((shift == ROR) && (shift_amount == 0)) {
      UNIMPLEMENTED();
      return result;
    } else if (((shift == LSR) || (shift == ASR)) && (shift_amount == 0)) {
      shift_amount = 32;
    }
    switch (shift) {
      case ASR: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          if (result < 0) {
            result = 0xffffffff;
            *carry_out = true;
          } else {
            result = 0;
            *carry_out = false;
          }
        } else {
          result >>= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (result & 1) == 1;
          result >>= 1;
        }
        break;
      }

      case LSL: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          *carry_out = c_flag_;
        } else {
          result <<= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (result < 0);
          result <<= 1;
        }
        break;
      }

      case LSR: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          result = 0;
          *carry_out = c_flag_;
        } else {
          uint32_t uresult = static_cast<uint32_t>(result);
          uresult >>= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (uresult & 1) == 1;
          uresult >>= 1;
          result = static_cast<int32_t>(uresult);
        }
        break;
      }

      case ROR: {
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        break;
      }

      default: {
        UNREACHABLE();
        break;
      }
    }
  } else {
    // by register
    int rs = instr->RsField();
    shift_amount = get_register(rs) &0xff;
    switch (shift) {
      case ASR: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          *carry_out = c_flag_;
        } else if (shift_amount < 32) {
          result >>= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (result & 1) == 1;
          result >>= 1;
        } else {
          ASSERT(shift_amount >= 32);
          if (result < 0) {
            *carry_out = true;
            result = 0xffffffff;
          } else {
            *carry_out = false;
            result = 0;
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      case LSL: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          *carry_out = c_flag_;
        } else if (shift_amount < 32) {
          result <<= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (result < 0);
          result <<= 1;
        } else if (shift_amount == 32) {
          *carry_out = (result & 1) == 1;
          result = 0;
        } else {
          ASSERT(shift_amount > 32);
          *carry_out = false;
          result = 0;
        }
        break;
      }

      case LSR: {
        if (shift_amount == 0) {
          *carry_out = c_flag_;
        } else if (shift_amount < 32) {
          uint32_t uresult = static_cast<uint32_t>(result);
          uresult >>= (shift_amount - 1);
          *carry_out = (uresult & 1) == 1;
          uresult >>= 1;
          result = static_cast<int32_t>(uresult);
        } else if (shift_amount == 32) {
          *carry_out = (result < 0);
          result = 0;
        } else {
          *carry_out = false;
          result = 0;
        }
        break;
      }

      case ROR: {
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        break;
      }

      default: {
        UNREACHABLE();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  return result;
}


// Addressing Mode 1 - Data-processing operands:
// Get the value based on the shifter_operand with immediate.
int32_t Simulator::GetImm(Instr* instr, bool* carry_out) {
  int rotate = instr->RotateField() * 2;
  int immed8 = instr->Immed8Field();
  int imm = (immed8 >> rotate) | (immed8 << (32 - rotate));
  *carry_out = (rotate == 0) ? c_flag_ : (imm < 0);
  return imm;
}


static int count_bits(int bit_vector) {
  int count = 0;
  while (bit_vector != 0) {
    if ((bit_vector & 1) != 0) {
      count++;
    }
    bit_vector >>= 1;
  }
  return count;
}


// Addressing Mode 4 - Load and Store Multiple
void Simulator::HandleRList(Instr* instr, bool load) {
  int rn = instr->RnField();
  int32_t rn_val = get_register(rn);
  int rlist = instr->RlistField();
  int num_regs = count_bits(rlist);

  intptr_t start_address = 0;
  intptr_t end_address = 0;
  switch (instr->PUField()) {
    case 0: {
      // Print("da");
      UNIMPLEMENTED();
      break;
    }
    case 1: {
      // Print("ia");
      start_address = rn_val;
      end_address = rn_val + (num_regs * 4) - 4;
      rn_val = rn_val + (num_regs * 4);
      break;
    }
    case 2: {
      // Print("db");
      start_address = rn_val - (num_regs * 4);
      end_address = rn_val - 4;
      rn_val = start_address;
      break;
    }
    case 3: {
      // Print("ib");
      UNIMPLEMENTED();
      break;
    }
    default: {
      UNREACHABLE();
      break;
    }
  }
  if (instr->HasW()) {
    set_register(rn, rn_val);
  }
  intptr_t* address = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t*>(start_address);
  int reg = 0;
  while (rlist != 0) {
    if ((rlist & 1) != 0) {
      if (load) {
        set_register(reg, *address);
      } else {
        *address = get_register(reg);
      }
      address += 1;
    }
    reg++;
    rlist >>= 1;
  }
  ASSERT(end_address == ((intptr_t)address) - 4);
}


// Calls into the V8 runtime are based on this very simple interface.
// Note: To be able to return two values from some calls the code in runtime.cc
// uses the ObjectPair which is essentially two 32-bit values stuffed into a
// 64-bit value. With the code below we assume that all runtime calls return
// 64 bits of result. If they don't, the r1 result register contains a bogus
// value, which is fine because it is caller-saved.
typedef int64_t (*SimulatorRuntimeCall)(intptr_t arg0, intptr_t arg1);


// Software interrupt instructions are used by the simulator to call into the
// C-based V8 runtime.
void Simulator::SoftwareInterrupt(Instr* instr) {
  switch (instr->SwiField()) {
    case call_rt_r5: {
      SimulatorRuntimeCall target =
          reinterpret_cast<SimulatorRuntimeCall>(get_register(r5));
      intptr_t arg0 = get_register(r0);
      intptr_t arg1 = get_register(r1);
      int64_t result = target(arg0, arg1);
      int32_t lo_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result);
      int32_t hi_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result >> 32);
      set_register(r0, lo_res);
      set_register(r1, hi_res);
      set_pc(reinterpret_cast<int32_t>(instr) + Instr::kInstrSize);
      break;
    }
    case call_rt_r2: {
      SimulatorRuntimeCall target =
          reinterpret_cast<SimulatorRuntimeCall>(get_register(r2));
      intptr_t arg0 = get_register(r0);
      intptr_t arg1 = get_register(r1);
      int64_t result = target(arg0, arg1);
      int32_t lo_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result);
      int32_t hi_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result >> 32);
      set_register(r0, lo_res);
      set_register(r1, hi_res);
      set_pc(reinterpret_cast<int32_t>(instr) + Instr::kInstrSize);
      break;
    }
    case break_point: {
      Debugger dbg(this);
      dbg.Debug();
      break;
    }
    default: {
      UNREACHABLE();
      break;
    }
  }
}


// Handle execution based on instruction types.

// Instruction types 0 and 1 are both rolled into one function because they
// only differ in the handling of the shifter_operand.
void Simulator::DecodeType01(Instr* instr) {
  int type = instr->TypeField();
  if ((type == 0) && instr->IsSpecialType0()) {
    // multiply instruction or extra loads and stores
    if (instr->Bits(7, 4) == 9) {
      if (instr->Bit(24) == 0) {
        // multiply instructions
        int rd = instr->RdField();
        int rm = instr->RmField();
        int rs = instr->RsField();
        int32_t rs_val = get_register(rs);
        int32_t rm_val = get_register(rm);
        if (instr->Bit(23) == 0) {
          if (instr->Bit(21) == 0) {
            // Format(instr, "mul'cond's 'rd, 'rm, 'rs");
            int32_t alu_out = rm_val * rs_val;
            set_register(rd, alu_out);
            if (instr->HasS()) {
              SetNZFlags(alu_out);
            }
          } else {
            Format(instr, "mla'cond's 'rd, 'rm, 'rs, 'rn");
          }
        } else {
          // Format(instr, "'um'al'cond's 'rn, 'rd, 'rs, 'rm");
          int rn = instr->RnField();
          int32_t hi_res = 0;
          int32_t lo_res = 0;
          if (instr->Bit(22) == 0) {
            // signed multiply
            UNIMPLEMENTED();
          } else {
            // unsigned multiply
            uint64_t left_op  = rm_val;
            uint64_t right_op = rs_val;
            uint64_t result = left_op * right_op;
            hi_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result >> 32);
            lo_res = static_cast<int32_t>(result & 0xffffffff);
          }
          set_register(rn, hi_res);
          set_register(rd, lo_res);
          if (instr->HasS()) {
            UNIMPLEMENTED();
          }
        }
      } else {
        UNIMPLEMENTED();  // not used by V8
      }
    } else {
      // extra load/store instructions
      int rd = instr->RdField();
      int rn = instr->RnField();
      int32_t rn_val = get_register(rn);
      int32_t addr = 0;
      if (instr->Bit(22) == 0) {
        int rm = instr->RmField();
        int32_t rm_val = get_register(rm);
        switch (instr->PUField()) {
          case 0: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn], -'rm");
            ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
            addr = rn_val;
            rn_val -= rm_val;
            set_register(rn, rn_val);
            break;
          }
          case 1: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn], +'rm");
            ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
            addr = rn_val;
            rn_val += rm_val;
            set_register(rn, rn_val);
            break;
          }
          case 2: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn, -'rm]'w");
            rn_val -= rm_val;
            addr = rn_val;
            if (instr->HasW()) {
              set_register(rn, rn_val);
            }
            break;
          }
          case 3: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn, +'rm]'w");
            rn_val += rm_val;
            addr = rn_val;
            if (instr->HasW()) {
              set_register(rn, rn_val);
            }
            break;
          }
          default: {
            // The PU field is a 2-bit field.
            UNREACHABLE();
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        int32_t imm_val = (instr->ImmedHField() << 4) | instr->ImmedLField();
        switch (instr->PUField()) {
          case 0: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn], #-'off8");
            ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
            addr = rn_val;
            rn_val -= imm_val;
            set_register(rn, rn_val);
            break;
          }
          case 1: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn], #+'off8");
            ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
            addr = rn_val;
            rn_val += imm_val;
            set_register(rn, rn_val);
            break;
          }
          case 2: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn, #-'off8]'w");
            rn_val -= imm_val;
            addr = rn_val;
            if (instr->HasW()) {
              set_register(rn, rn_val);
            }
            break;
          }
          case 3: {
            // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'sign'h 'rd, ['rn, #+'off8]'w");
            rn_val += imm_val;
            addr = rn_val;
            if (instr->HasW()) {
              set_register(rn, rn_val);
            }
            break;
          }
          default: {
            // The PU field is a 2-bit field.
            UNREACHABLE();
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if (instr->HasH()) {
        if (instr->HasSign()) {
          if (instr->HasL()) {
            int16_t val = ReadH(addr, instr);
            set_register(rd, val);
          } else {
            int16_t val = get_register(rd);
            WriteH(addr, val, instr);
          }
        } else {
          if (instr->HasL()) {
            uint16_t val = ReadHU(addr, instr);
            set_register(rd, val);
          } else {
            uint16_t val = get_register(rd);
            WriteH(addr, val, instr);
          }
        }
      } else {
        // signed byte loads
        ASSERT(instr->HasSign());
        ASSERT(instr->HasL());
        int8_t val = ReadB(addr);
        set_register(rd, val);
      }
      return;
    }
  } else {
    int rd = instr->RdField();
    int rn = instr->RnField();
    int32_t rn_val = get_register(rn);
    int32_t shifter_operand = 0;
    bool shifter_carry_out = 0;
    if (type == 0) {
      shifter_operand = GetShiftRm(instr, &shifter_carry_out);
    } else {
      ASSERT(instr->TypeField() == 1);
      shifter_operand = GetImm(instr, &shifter_carry_out);
    }
    int32_t alu_out;

    switch (instr->OpcodeField()) {
      case AND: {
        // Format(instr, "and'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "and'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val & shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      case EOR: {
        // Format(instr, "eor'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "eor'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val ^ shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      case SUB: {
        // Format(instr, "sub'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "sub'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val - shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(!BorrowFrom(rn_val, shifter_operand));
          SetVFlag(OverflowFrom(alu_out, rn_val, shifter_operand, false));
        }
        break;
      }

      case RSB: {
        // Format(instr, "rsb'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "rsb'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = shifter_operand - rn_val;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(!BorrowFrom(shifter_operand, rn_val));
          SetVFlag(OverflowFrom(alu_out, shifter_operand, rn_val, false));
        }
        break;
      }

      case ADD: {
        // Format(instr, "add'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "add'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val + shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(CarryFrom(rn_val, shifter_operand));
          SetVFlag(OverflowFrom(alu_out, rn_val, shifter_operand, true));
        }
        break;
      }

      case ADC: {
        Format(instr, "adc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        Format(instr, "adc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        break;
      }

      case SBC: {
        Format(instr, "sbc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        Format(instr, "sbc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        break;
      }

      case RSC: {
        Format(instr, "rsc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        Format(instr, "rsc'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        break;
      }

      case TST: {
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          // Format(instr, "tst'cond 'rn, 'shift_rm");
          // Format(instr, "tst'cond 'rn, 'imm");
          alu_out = rn_val & shifter_operand;
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        } else {
          UNIMPLEMENTED();
        }
        break;
      }

      case TEQ: {
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          // Format(instr, "teq'cond 'rn, 'shift_rm");
          // Format(instr, "teq'cond 'rn, 'imm");
          alu_out = rn_val ^ shifter_operand;
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        } else {
          UNIMPLEMENTED();
        }
        break;
      }

      case CMP: {
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          // Format(instr, "cmp'cond 'rn, 'shift_rm");
          // Format(instr, "cmp'cond 'rn, 'imm");
          alu_out = rn_val - shifter_operand;
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(!BorrowFrom(rn_val, shifter_operand));
          SetVFlag(OverflowFrom(alu_out, rn_val, shifter_operand, false));
        } else {
          UNIMPLEMENTED();
        }
        break;
      }

      case CMN: {
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          Format(instr, "cmn'cond 'rn, 'shift_rm");
          Format(instr, "cmn'cond 'rn, 'imm");
        } else {
          UNIMPLEMENTED();
        }
        break;
      }

      case ORR: {
        // Format(instr, "orr'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "orr'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val | shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      case MOV: {
        // Format(instr, "mov'cond's 'rd, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "mov'cond's 'rd, 'imm");
        alu_out = shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      case BIC: {
        // Format(instr, "bic'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "bic'cond's 'rd, 'rn, 'imm");
        alu_out = rn_val & ~shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      case MVN: {
        // Format(instr, "mvn'cond's 'rd, 'shift_rm");
        // Format(instr, "mvn'cond's 'rd, 'imm");
        alu_out = ~shifter_operand;
        set_register(rd, alu_out);
        if (instr->HasS()) {
          SetNZFlags(alu_out);
          SetCFlag(shifter_carry_out);
        }
        break;
      }

      default: {
        UNREACHABLE();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}


void Simulator::DecodeType2(Instr* instr) {
  int rd = instr->RdField();
  int rn = instr->RnField();
  int32_t rn_val = get_register(rn);
  int32_t im_val = instr->Offset12Field();
  int32_t addr = 0;
  switch (instr->PUField()) {
    case 0: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn], #-'off12");
      ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
      addr = rn_val;
      rn_val -= im_val;
      set_register(rn, rn_val);
      break;
    }
    case 1: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn], #+'off12");
      ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
      addr = rn_val;
      rn_val += im_val;
      set_register(rn, rn_val);
      break;
    }
    case 2: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn, #-'off12]'w");
      rn_val -= im_val;
      addr = rn_val;
      if (instr->HasW()) {
        set_register(rn, rn_val);
      }
      break;
    }
    case 3: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn, #+'off12]'w");
      rn_val += im_val;
      addr = rn_val;
      if (instr->HasW()) {
        set_register(rn, rn_val);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      UNREACHABLE();
      break;
    }
  }
  if (instr->HasB()) {
    if (instr->HasL()) {
      byte val = ReadBU(addr);
      set_register(rd, val);
    } else {
      byte val = get_register(rd);
      WriteB(addr, val);
    }
  } else {
    if (instr->HasL()) {
      set_register(rd, ReadW(addr, instr));
    } else {
      WriteW(addr, get_register(rd), instr);
    }
  }
}


void Simulator::DecodeType3(Instr* instr) {
  int rd = instr->RdField();
  int rn = instr->RnField();
  int32_t rn_val = get_register(rn);
  bool shifter_carry_out = 0;
  int32_t shifter_operand = GetShiftRm(instr, &shifter_carry_out);
  int32_t addr = 0;
  switch (instr->PUField()) {
    case 0: {
      ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
      Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn], -'shift_rm");
      break;
    }
    case 1: {
      ASSERT(!instr->HasW());
      Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn], +'shift_rm");
      break;
    }
    case 2: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn, -'shift_rm]'w");
      addr = rn_val - shifter_operand;
      if (instr->HasW()) {
        set_register(rn, addr);
      }
      break;
    }
    case 3: {
      // Format(instr, "'memop'cond'b 'rd, ['rn, +'shift_rm]'w");
      addr = rn_val + shifter_operand;
      if (instr->HasW()) {
        set_register(rn, addr);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      UNREACHABLE();
      break;
    }
  }
  if (instr->HasB()) {
    UNIMPLEMENTED();
  } else {
    if (instr->HasL()) {
      set_register(rd, ReadW(addr, instr));
    } else {
      WriteW(addr, get_register(rd), instr);
    }
  }
}


void Simulator::DecodeType4(Instr* instr) {
  ASSERT(instr->Bit(22) == 0);  // only allowed to be set in privileged mode
  if (instr->HasL()) {
    // Format(instr, "ldm'cond'pu 'rn'w, 'rlist");
    HandleRList(instr, true);
  } else {
    // Format(instr, "stm'cond'pu 'rn'w, 'rlist");
    HandleRList(instr, false);
  }
}


void Simulator::DecodeType5(Instr* instr) {
  // Format(instr, "b'l'cond 'target");
  int off = (instr->SImmed24Field() << 2) + 8;
  intptr_t pc = get_pc();
  if (instr->HasLink()) {
    set_register(lr, pc + Instr::kInstrSize);
  }
  set_pc(pc+off);
}


void Simulator::DecodeType6(Instr* instr) {
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


void Simulator::DecodeType7(Instr* instr) {
  if (instr->Bit(24) == 1) {
    // Format(instr, "swi 'swi");
    SoftwareInterrupt(instr);
  } else {
    UNIMPLEMENTED();
  }
}


// Executes the current instruction.
void Simulator::InstructionDecode(Instr* instr) {
  pc_modified_ = false;
  if (instr->ConditionField() == special_condition) {
    Debugger dbg(this);
    dbg.Stop(instr);
    return;
  }
  if (::v8::internal::FLAG_trace_sim) {
    disasm::Disassembler dasm;
    // use a reasonably large buffer
    v8::internal::EmbeddedVector<char, 256> buffer;
    dasm.InstructionDecode(buffer,
                           reinterpret_cast<byte*>(instr));
    PrintF("  0x%x  %s\n", instr, buffer.start());
  }
  if (ConditionallyExecute(instr)) {
    switch (instr->TypeField()) {
      case 0:
      case 1: {
        DecodeType01(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 2: {
        DecodeType2(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 3: {
        DecodeType3(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 4: {
        DecodeType4(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 5: {
        DecodeType5(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 6: {
        DecodeType6(instr);
        break;
      }
      case 7: {
        DecodeType7(instr);
        break;
      }
      default: {
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if (!pc_modified_) {
    set_register(pc, reinterpret_cast<int32_t>(instr) + Instr::kInstrSize);
  }
}


//
void Simulator::execute() {
  // Get the PC to simulate. Cannot use the accessor here as we need the
  // raw PC value and not the one used as input to arithmetic instructions.
  int program_counter = get_pc();

  if (::v8::internal::FLAG_stop_sim_at == 0) {
    // Fast version of the dispatch loop without checking whether the simulator
    // should be stopping at a particular executed instruction.
    while (program_counter != end_sim_pc) {
      Instr* instr = reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(program_counter);
      icount_++;
      InstructionDecode(instr);
      program_counter = get_pc();
    }
  } else {
    // FLAG_stop_sim_at is at the non-default value. Stop in the debugger when
    // we reach the particular instuction count.
    while (program_counter != end_sim_pc) {
      Instr* instr = reinterpret_cast<Instr*>(program_counter);
      icount_++;
      if (icount_ == ::v8::internal::FLAG_stop_sim_at) {
        Debugger dbg(this);
        dbg.Debug();
      } else {
        InstructionDecode(instr);
      }
      program_counter = get_pc();
    }
  }
}


Object* Simulator::call(int32_t entry, int32_t p0, int32_t p1, int32_t p2,
                           int32_t p3, int32_t p4) {
  // Setup parameters
  set_register(r0, p0);
  set_register(r1, p1);
  set_register(r2, p2);
  set_register(r3, p3);
  intptr_t* stack_pointer = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t*>(get_register(sp));
  *(--stack_pointer) = p4;
  set_register(sp, reinterpret_cast<int32_t>(stack_pointer));

  // Prepare to execute the code at entry
  set_register(pc, entry);
  // Put down marker for end of simulation. The simulator will stop simulation
  // when the PC reaches this value. By saving the "end simulation" value into
  // the LR the simulation stops when returning to this call point.
  set_register(lr, end_sim_pc);

  // Remember the values of callee-saved registers.
  // The code below assumes that r9 is not used as sb (static base) in
  // simulator code and therefore is regarded as a callee-saved register.
  int32_t r4_val = get_register(r4);
  int32_t r5_val = get_register(r5);
  int32_t r6_val = get_register(r6);
  int32_t r7_val = get_register(r7);
  int32_t r8_val = get_register(r8);
  int32_t r9_val = get_register(r9);
  int32_t r10_val = get_register(r10);
  int32_t r11_val = get_register(r11);

  // Setup the callee-saved registers with a known value. To be able to check
  // that they are preserved properly across JS execution.
  int32_t callee_saved_value = icount_;
  set_register(r4, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r5, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r6, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r7, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r8, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r9, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r10, callee_saved_value);
  set_register(r11, callee_saved_value);

  // Start the simulation
  execute();

  // Check that the callee-saved registers have been preserved.
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r4), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r5), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r6), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r7), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r8), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r9), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r10), callee_saved_value);
  CHECK_EQ(get_register(r11), callee_saved_value);

  // Restore callee-saved registers with the original value.
  set_register(r4, r4_val);
  set_register(r5, r5_val);
  set_register(r6, r6_val);
  set_register(r7, r7_val);
  set_register(r8, r8_val);
  set_register(r9, r9_val);
  set_register(r10, r10_val);
  set_register(r11, r11_val);

  int result = get_register(r0);
  return reinterpret_cast<Object*>(result);
}

} }  // namespace assembler::arm

#endif  // !defined(__arm__)